How to MLA Cite a Video Game: Exploring the Intersection of Digital Media and Academic Writing

In the ever-evolving landscape of digital media, video games have emerged as a significant cultural and artistic medium. As such, they have found their way into academic discourse, necessitating proper citation formats. The Modern Language Association (MLA) style is one of the most commonly used citation methods in the humanities, and it provides guidelines for citing various sources, including video games. This article delves into the intricacies of citing video games in MLA format, while also exploring the broader implications of video games in academic writing.
Understanding MLA Citation for Video Games
Citing a video game in MLA format requires attention to detail and an understanding of the core elements that make up a citation. The basic structure for citing a video game in MLA format is as follows:
Title of the Game. Version, Publisher, Year of Publication.
For example:
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild. Nintendo, 2017.
However, the citation can become more complex depending on the specific details of the game and the context in which it is being cited. Let’s break down the components:
- Title of the Game: The title should be italicized and capitalized according to standard title capitalization rules.
- Version: If the game has multiple versions or editions, specify the version you are referencing.
- Publisher: The publisher is the company responsible for releasing the game.
- Year of Publication: This is the year the game was released.
Additional Elements
In some cases, you may need to include additional information to provide a complete citation:
- Platform: If the game is available on multiple platforms (e.g., PlayStation, Xbox, PC), specify the platform you are referencing.
- Developer: If the developer is different from the publisher, you may include the developer’s name.
- Contributors: If you are citing a specific aspect of the game, such as the soundtrack or a particular character, you may include the names of the contributors (e.g., composer, voice actor).
For example:
The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt. Developed by CD Projekt Red, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, 2015. PlayStation 4.
The Role of Video Games in Academic Writing
Video games are no longer just a form of entertainment; they have become a rich source of material for academic research and analysis. Scholars in fields such as media studies, cultural studies, psychology, and even literature have begun to explore the narrative, aesthetic, and social dimensions of video games.
Narrative and Storytelling
Video games often feature complex narratives that rival those found in literature and film. Games like The Last of Us and Red Dead Redemption 2 are praised for their storytelling, character development, and emotional depth. These games can be analyzed for their narrative structure, themes, and character arcs, much like a novel or a film.
Aesthetics and Design
The visual and auditory design of video games is another area of interest for academics. Games like Journey and Gris are celebrated for their artistic design and use of color, light, and sound to create immersive experiences. Scholars may analyze these games for their aesthetic choices and how they contribute to the overall experience.
Social and Cultural Impact
Video games also have a significant social and cultural impact. Games like Fortnite and Minecraft have created vast online communities and have influenced popular culture. Researchers may study these games to understand their impact on social interactions, identity formation, and cultural trends.
Psychological and Behavioral Studies
The psychological effects of video games are another area of academic interest. Studies have explored how video games affect cognitive skills, emotional regulation, and behavior. Games like Tetris and Portal have been used in psychological research to study problem-solving skills and spatial awareness.
Challenges in Citing Video Games
While citing video games in MLA format is relatively straightforward, there are some challenges that researchers may encounter:
Lack of Standardization
Unlike books or journal articles, video games do not always have standardized metadata. This can make it difficult to identify the necessary information for a citation, such as the publisher or the year of publication.
Multiple Contributors
Video games are often the result of collaborative efforts involving developers, designers, writers, composers, and voice actors. Deciding which contributors to include in a citation can be challenging, especially if you are focusing on a specific aspect of the game.
Evolving Medium
The video game industry is constantly evolving, with new platforms, technologies, and distribution methods emerging regularly. This can make it difficult to keep citation guidelines up-to-date and relevant.
Best Practices for Citing Video Games
To ensure accurate and consistent citations, consider the following best practices:
- Consult the MLA Handbook: The MLA Handbook provides detailed guidelines for citing various types of sources, including video games. Refer to the latest edition for the most up-to-date information.
- Use Reliable Sources: When gathering information for your citation, use reliable sources such as the game’s official website, the publisher’s website, or reputable gaming databases.
- Be Consistent: Ensure that your citations are consistent in format and style throughout your paper. This includes italicizing the game title and using proper capitalization.
- Include Relevant Details: Include all relevant details in your citation, such as the platform, version, and contributors, to provide a complete reference.
Example Citations
Here are a few examples of how to cite different types of video games in MLA format:
Single-Player Game
The Last of Us. Developed by Naughty Dog, Sony Computer Entertainment, 2013. PlayStation 3.
Multiplayer Game
Fortnite. Developed by Epic Games, Epic Games, 2017. PC.
Game with Multiple Versions
Minecraft. Java Edition, Mojang, 2011. PC.
Game with a Focus on Soundtrack
Journey. Composed by Austin Wintory, Thatgamecompany, 2012. PlayStation 3.
Related Questions and Answers
Q: Can I cite a video game trailer in MLA format?
A: Yes, you can cite a video game trailer in MLA format. The citation should include the title of the trailer, the name of the game, the publisher, the date of release, and the URL if accessed online. For example:
“The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild - Official Trailer.” Nintendo, 13 June 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=zw47_q9wbBE.
Q: How do I cite a video game review in MLA format?
A: To cite a video game review, follow the standard format for citing an article. Include the author’s name, the title of the review, the name of the publication, the date of publication, and the URL if accessed online. For example:
Smith, John. “Review of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.” GameSpot, 18 May 2015, www.gamespot.com/reviews/the-witcher-3-wild-hunt-review/1900-6416102/.
Q: What if I can’t find the publisher or release date of a video game?
A: If you cannot find the publisher or release date, you can omit these elements from your citation. However, make sure to include as much information as possible to help readers locate the source. If you are unsure, consult the MLA Handbook or ask your instructor for guidance.
Q: Can I cite a video game mod in MLA format?
A: Yes, you can cite a video game mod. Include the name of the mod, the name of the game, the developer of the mod, the version of the mod, and the date of release. For example:
“The Forgotten City Mod.” Developed by Modern Storyteller, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, 2021.
Q: How do I cite a video game in a bibliography?
A: In a bibliography, the citation format for a video game is the same as in the text. Ensure that the citation is alphabetized by the title of the game and formatted consistently with other entries in the bibliography.
By following these guidelines and best practices, you can effectively cite video games in MLA format and contribute to the growing body of academic research on this dynamic and influential medium.